Table 6 Classification of lag types in coupled coordination analysis for SHPs benefits within the study areas.

From: Evaluation of comprehensive benefits and the degree of coupling coordination for soil health products: a case study in Weifang City, China

Classification

Classification basis

Study areas in 2021

Complete lag

\({U_{env}}<\overline {{{U_{env}}}} ,{U_{eco}}<\overline {{{U_{eco}}}} ,{U_{soc}}<\overline {{{U_{soc}}}}\)

Qingzhou

Environmental benefit lag

\({U_{env}}<\overline {{{U_{env}}}} ,{U_{eco}}>\overline {{{U_{eco}}}} ,{U_{soc}}>\overline {{{U_{soc}}}}\)

Zhucheng

-

\({U_{env}}>\overline {{{U_{env}}}} ,{U_{eco}}>\overline {{{U_{eco}}}} ,{U_{soc}}>\overline {{{U_{soc}}}}\)

Shouguang

Economic-social benefit lag

\({U_{env}}>\overline {{{U_{env}}}} ,{U_{eco}}<\overline {{{U_{eco}}}} ,{U_{soc}}<\overline {{{U_{soc}}}}\)

Anqiu

Environmental-social benefit lag

\({U_{env}}<\overline {{{U_{env}}}} ,{U_{eco}}>\overline {{{U_{eco}}}} ,{U_{soc}}<\overline {{{U_{soc}}}}\)

Gaomi

Environmental-social benefit lag

\({U_{env}}<\overline {{{U_{env}}}} ,{U_{eco}}>\overline {{{U_{eco}}}} ,{U_{soc}}<\overline {{{U_{soc}}}}\)

Changyi

Economic-social benefit lag

\({U_{env}}>\overline {{{U_{env}}}} ,{U_{eco}}<\overline {{{U_{eco}}}} ,{U_{soc}}<\overline {{{U_{soc}}}}\)

Linqu

Complete lag

\({U_{env}}<\overline {{{U_{env}}}} ,{U_{eco}}<\overline {{{U_{eco}}}} ,{U_{soc}}<\overline {{{U_{soc}}}}\)

Changle

  1. Note: \({U_{env}}\), \({U_{eco}}\) and \({U_{soc}}\)indicate the environmental, economic and social benefits of soil health products for the region in 2021; \(\overline {{{U_{env}}}}\), \(\overline {{{U_{eco}}}}\) and \(\overline {{{U_{soc}}}}\) indicate the mean values of the environmental, economic and social benefits of SHPs for the corresponding regional year, respectively.