Fig. 3

Fourier Primal-Dual Network (Fourier-PDNet) - modified version of the Primal-Dual network employing complex-valued convolution operations. Primal iterates are displayed in blue boxes, whereas dual iterates are displayed in green boxes. The architecture of all the blue boxes is the same and is shown in the matching large boxes. When several arrows lead to the same block, concatenation occurs before supplying the input to the first layer of the block. As the data are transmitted to the dual iterates, the initial estimates enter from the left. The primal blocks are responsible for removing artefacts from the image, while dual blocks attempt to predict the missing k-space frequencies.