Fig. 4

Effects of prolonged exposure to SAHA on cytokine release in LPS-stimulated glial cells. (A) Experimental design. Glial cells were treated with 10 ng/ml LPS in absence or presence of different concentrations of SAHA for 24 h. (B) TNF—α (SAHA: 50, 100, 500 nM, 1, 2.5, 5 mM) (i), IL—1 β (SAHA: 100 nM and 5 mM) (ii) and IL—10 (SAHA: 100 nM and 5 mM) (iii) release was measured in the culture medium by biological assay or ELISA. The results are expressed as a percentage of LPS. Data are mean ± SEM of two independent experiments in triplicate. Statistical analysis was performed with one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 LPS + SAHA vs LPS; +  + p < 0.01, LPS + SAHA 100 nM vs. 5 uM; # p < 0.05 LPS + SAHA 100 nm vs 1uM, 2,5 uM, 5uM. Although not shown in the graph, the following significant differences were also observed: TNF-α (i): Comparisons of LPS + SAHA 10 nm vs 50 nM, 100 nM, 500 nM, 2,5 uM, 5uM (p < 0.01); Comparisons of LPS + SAHA 50 nm vs 1uM, 2,5 uM, 5uM (p < 0.01); Comparisons of LPS + SAHA 500 nM vs 1uM, 2,5 uM, 5uM (p < 0.01); Comparisons of LPS + SAHA 1uM vs 2,5 uM, 5uM (p < 0.01).