Table 3 Results for antenna I.

From: Rapid global antenna design by simplex regressors and multi-resolution simulations

Method

This work

PSO (Algorithm I)

DE (Algorithm II)

TR algorithm (Algorithm III)

Machine learning with kriging surrogates (Algorithm IV)

Simplex-based procedure using high-resolution EM model (Algorithm V)

50 iterations

100 iterations

50 iterations

100 iterations

Mean cost function [dB]

–30.9

–18.2

–19.3

–21.5

–22.8

–13.5

–20.7

–25.3

Computational cost$

65.3

[1.7 h]

500

[12.8 h]

1,000

[25.6 h]

500

[12.8 h]

1,000

[25.6 h]

84.2

[2.2 h]

457.8

[11.9 h]

82.9

[2.1 h]

Success rate#

10/10

9/10

10/10

9/10

9/10

6/10

10/10

10/10

  1. $Equivalent number of high-resolution model evaluations. The numbers in brackets refer to the total optimization time in hours.
  2. #Number runs for which ||f(x*) – ft|| < Fmax.