Fig. 5 | Scientific Reports

Fig. 5

From: Phosphorus acquisition capacity and size trait evolution in Achillea wilhelmsii reflect adaptation to environmental gradients

Fig. 5

Workflow diagram for quantifying the evolutionary influence of multiple environmental gradients on trait differentiation through principal component analysis, based on the Farajpour test. The red lines (***) indicate significant linear regressions observed between PCA scores of the environmental gradients and corresponding PCA scores of the measured plant traits. Application of the generalized formula incorporating percentages of variance explained (TVi) by each trait PC and R2 values estimates the overall trait variability (62.85%) attributable to evolutionary responses along the three environmental gradients.

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