Fig. 2

Perinatal exposure to p-Cresol does not impact growth, developmental milestones, and sensorimotor reflexes acquisition in mice pups. (A) Monitoring of body weight (P3 to P22). (B) GEE estimates, 95% CIs, and associated p-values for the effects of time, treatment, and sex on body weight: p(Treatment) = 0.6093, p(Time) < 0.0001, p(Sex) = 0.8885. (C) Ambulation rated from 0 to 3 (P7 to P11). (D) GEE estimates, 95% CIs, and associated p-values for the effects of time, treatment, and sex on ambulation: p(Treatment) = 0.1045, p(Time) < 0.0001, p(Sex) = 0.7380. (E) Pinna unfolding (P3 to P5): a score of 0, 1, or 2 was assigned based on the number of unfolded ears. (F) GEE estimates, 95% CIs, and associated p-values for the effects of time, treatment, and sex on ear development: p(Treatment) = 0.1405, p(Time) < 0.0001, p(Sex) = 0.5167. (G) Eyelid opening (P11 to P16): a score of 0, 1, or 2 was assigned based on the number of open eyelids. ( H) GEE estimates, 95% CIs, and associated p-values for the effects of time, treatment, and sex on eyelid opening: p(Treatment) = 0.8226, p(Time) < 0.0001, p(Sex) = 0.6393. (I) Righting reflex latency to turn over (P4 to P8). (J) GEE estimates, 95% CIs, and associated p-values for the effects of time, treatment, and sex on the righting reflex: p(Treatment) = 0.5701, p(Time) < 0.0001, p(Sex) = 0.1960. (K) Acoustic startle reflex (P10 to P16): score of 0 or 1, with 1 assigned to pups that startle and 0 to those that do not startle. (L) GEE estimates, 95% CIs, and associated p-values for the effects of time, treatment, and sex on the acoustic startle reflex: p(Treatment) = 0.8789, p(Time) < 0.0001, p(Sex) = 0.9805. (A, C, E, G, I, K) Data are presented as means ± standard deviation. (B, D, F, H, J, L) Data are presented as dot plots with means ± standard deviation. ****p < 0.0001. Only statistically significant differences are presented (p < 0.05). (A–L) n = 33 control (22 males/11 females), n = 40 p-Cresol (18 males/22 females).