Fig. 4

CYB5A activated autophagy via the AKT/mTOR/ULK1 signaling pathway in MC3T3-E1 cells. (A&B) Western Blotting and quantification were performed to assess LC3-I/II and P62 levels in MC3T3-E1 cells. (C&D) Western Blotting and quantification were used to analyze the levels of phosphorylated/total AKT, phosphorylated/total mTOR, and phosphorylated/total ULK1 in MC3T3-E1 cells. (β-actin levels were set as the internal normalized control, ns = no significant difference, n = 3, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.)