Fig. 5

Heatmap of risk-ratio conditional-average-treatment-effects (RR-CATE) of OSA (compared to a matched healthy subject) on individual dimensions of row-normalized Markovian transition matrix \({\textbf {P}}^M\), per gender (F, M), age (A1, A2, A3), and OSA-severity (O1, O2, O3). Decreased (i.e., RR < 100%) and increased (i.e., RR > 100%) risk-ratios are depicted with red and green shaded backgrounds, respectively. Significant effects are in bold and highlighted with a star (*).