Fig. 1

(A) 95th percentile at each surface station, based on the 1991–2020 summer (JJA) daily maximum temperatures. (B) Decadal trend in annual maximum temperatures at each station. (C) Mean absolute error of extreme heat days (EHD; days > = 95th percentile) for each gridded dataset. (D) Difference in decadal trends in annual maximum temperatures for each gridded dataset (trend in gridded dataset minus observed trend). Figure created using python matplotlib.