Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study population.

From: Association between dietary selenium intake and the risk of cardiovascular disease in US adults: a population-based study

Dietary selenium intake

All participants

Tertiles 1

Tertiles 2

Tertiles 3

P value

Age (year)

47.27 (0.23)

49.67 (0.29)

47.80 (0.26)

44.65 (0.30)

 < 0.0001

Total energy (Kcal/d)

2177.15 (8.21)

1445.07 (7.69)

2050.98 (7.78)

2945.09 (12.92)

 < 0.0001

Selenium intake (μg/d)

114.67 (0.53)

55.58 (0.22)

100.89 (0.17)

180.07 (0.85)

 < 0.0001

LE8

67.76 (0.23)

67.16 (0.29)

67.87 (0.27)

68.18 (0.29)

0.003

Gender (%)

    

 < 0.0001

Female

51.79 (0.01)

69.48 (0.48)

56.03 (0.61)

32.10 (0.53)

 

Male

48.21 (0.01)

30.52 (0.48)

43.97 (0.61)

67.90 (0.51)

 

Races (%)

    

 < 0.0001

Mexican American

8.35 (0.01)

7.38 (0.59)

8.19 (0.68)

9.37 (0.77)

 

Non-Hispanic Black

11.20 (0.01)

12.98 (0.84)

10.51 (0.71)

10.27 (0.60)

 

Non-Hispanic White

67.64 (0.03)

67.42 (1.39)

68.89 (1.30)

66.66 (1.31)

 

Others

12.81 (0.00)

12.22 (0.64)

12.41 (0.61)

13.71 (0.63)

 

PIR (%)

    

 < 0.0001

 < 1

12.96 (0.00)

16.11 (0.62)

12.99 (0.55)

12.82 (0.60)

 

1–4

34.22 (0.01)

52.46 (0.91)

49.38 (0.86)

46.79 (1.01)

 

 > 4

46.09 (0.01)

31.44 (0.99)

37.64 (0.95)

40.39 (1.18)

 

Educational levels (%)

    

 < 0.0001

Less than 9th grade

5.33 (0.00)

6.73 (0.39)

4.81 (0.27)

4.58 (0.28)

 

9-11th grade

10.46 (0.00)

11.66 (0.47)

10.06 (0.47)

9.78 (0.44)

 

High school graduate

23.40 (0.01)

25.11 (0.60)

22.90 (0.65)

22.36 (0.65)

 

Some college or AA degree

31.39 (0.01)

31.73 (0.70)

31.37 (0.63)

31.12 (0.66)

 

College graduate or above

29.42 (0.01)

24.77 (0.95)

30.87 (0.89)

32.17 (1.15)

 

BMI (%)

    

 < 0.001

Normal weight

29.61 (0.01)

28.63 (0.70)

29.21 (0.67)

32.25 (0.64)

 

Overweight

32.24 (0.01)

33.22 (0.65)

32.80 (0.63)

31.71 (0.56)

 

Obesity

37.02 (0.01)

38.15 (0.76)

38.00 (0.74)

36.04 (0.60)

 

DM (%)

13.79 (0.00)

14.92 (0.50)

14.30 (0.44)

12.30 (0.47)

 < 0.001

Hypertension (%)

37.48 (0.01)

39.81 (0.71)

37.83 (0.60)

35.08 (0.71)

 < 0.0001

CVD (%)

8.57 (0.01)

11.10 (0.43)

8.12 (0.27)

6.75 (0.36)

 < 0.0001

Stroke (%)

2.97 (0.02)

4.41 (0.25)

2.72 (0.16)

1.92 (0.17)

 < 0.0001

Congestive heart faliure (%)

2.29 (0.01)

3.12 (0.20)

2.,20 (0.13)

1.64 (0.17)

 < 0.0001

Coronary heart disease (%)

3.39 (0.01)

4.10 (0.23)

3.32 (0.20)

2.83 (0.24 )

 < 0.0001

ASCVD (%)

7.84 (0.01)

10.11 (0.42)

7.42 (0.27)

6.22 (0.34)

 < 0.0001

Heart attack (%)

3.31 (0.01)

4.06 (0.23)

3.09 (0.18)

2.87 (0.25)

 < 0.001

Angina (%)

2.13 (0.01)

2.75 (0.19)

1.94 (0.17)

1.77 (0.17)

 < 0.001

Alcohol user (%)

80.19 (0.02)

76.75 (0.55)

80.91 (0.53)

82.56 (0.48)

 < 0.0001

  1. Tertiles 1, 2, 3 dietary selenium intake tertiles, PIR ratio of family income to poverty, LE8 Life’s essential 8, BMI body mass index, DM diabetes, CVD cardiovascular disease, ASCVD atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Continuous variables were presented as means ± standard deviations, while categorical variables were expressed as percentages. The values in parentheses in Table 1 represent the standard deviations (SD) for the included variables.
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