Table 4 Comparison between the proposed Model and State of the Art models using ADNI Dataset.

From: Revolutionizing Alzheimer’s disease detection with a cutting-edge CAPCBAM deep learning framework

Model

Architecture

Accuracy

Strengths

Limitations

CAPCBAM (Our study)

Capsule Networks + CBAM

99.95%

Preserves spatial hierarchies, dynamic routing, enhanced feature selection

Computationally expensive

Ensemble CNN (Fathi et al., 2024)23

CNN-based Ensemble

99.83%

Strong generalization, robust classification

High model complexity

Conv-Swinformer (Hu et al., 2023)24

CNN + Transformer

N/A

Shift window attention enhances spatial feature extraction

Requires extensive training data

3D DCGAN (Kang et al., 2023)25

Generative Adversarial Network (GAN)

92.8%

Improves learning on small datasets

Prone to mode collapse

Feature Fusion Network (Illakiya & Karthik, 2024)26

GSDW + GCN + EfficientNet-B0

77.2%

Multi-focus attention improves MCI detection

Lower accuracy compared to CNN-based models

Thayumanasamy & Ramamurthy (2022)27

Machine Learning & Deep Learning Hybrid

96.1%

Combines ML and DL for robust classification

Computational cost and data dependency

Illakiya & Karthik (2023)28

Swin Transformer + Attention Network

94.5%

Captures long-range dependencies, enhances MCI classification

Requires significant computational resources