Fig. 2

Significantly associated and functional annotation overrepresentation among gene families with size variations in mammals. Panel (a) shows the number of gene families expanding and contracting associated with MLSP; relative brain size; and MLSP corrected by relative brain size. (b) Gene ontology (GO) term enrichment analysis among the families significantly associated with several PGLS models. Coloured cells in each column represent significantly enriched GO categories after correction for multiple testing (Benjamini Hochberg). Colour intensity (towards purple) increases for smaller adjusted p-values. Individual columns show significantly enriched categories for (A) MLSP-associated families from PGLS model which has 46 species (r _{MLSP−associated families} > 0, p < 0.05, n = 236), (B) relative brain size-associated families from PGLS with 59 species (r _{relative brain size−associated families} > 0, p < 0.05, n = 360), (C) MLSP-associated families identified in 46 species in a PGLS model containing both MLSP and relative brain size (r _{MLSP−associated families} > 0, p < 0.05, n = 267), (D) relative brain size-associated families from PGLS model that contains MLSP and relative brain size (r _{relative brain size−associated families} > 0, p < 0.05, n = 184).