Fig. 3 | Scientific Reports

Fig. 3

From: Effects of a healthy diet based on seed-rich vegetables on the gut microbiota and intrinsic brain activity in perimenopausal women: A pilot study on cognitive improvement

Fig. 3

Changes in microbial composition after 12-week dietary intervention. (a): Alpha-diversity indices. The “Chao1” and “Observed species” indices represent the richness, the “Shannon” and “Simpson” indicate diversity, the “Faiths_pd” index represents evolutionary diversity, the “Pielou_e” evenness index represents evenness, and the “Goods_coverage” index represents coverage. (b): Beta-diversity indexes. Principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) of the beta–diversity index Weighted UniFrac (b). (c-d): Gut microbiome composition at the level of major phylum (c) and genus (d) in T0 and T1. (e-f): Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (Lefse) plot and cladogram representing the unique bacterial signatures identified at T0 and T1. (f), family; (g), genus. (g): KEGG metabolic pathway analysis. A positive value of logFC on the horizontal axis represents an upward adjustment (log2(fold change)) of T1 relative to T0. Data are mean ± SEM and were analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn’s post-test: *P < 0.05. T1 vs T0.

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