Table 2 Consistency and comparability of MyoVision-US with manual ultrasound analyses.

From: Development of an artificial intelligence powered software for automated analysis of skeletal muscle ultrasonography

 

RF mT (cm)

VI mT (cm)

QC mT (cm)

RF CSA (cm2)

RF EI (a.u.)

TA mT (cm)

TA CSA (cm2)

TA EI (a.u.)

Overall

Mean difference

0.1

0.2

0.1

0.5

4.0

0.12

0.65

2.94

SD

0.1

0.2

0.2

0.4

5.0

0.12

0.51

2.98

CV (%)1

39

34

34

43

30

18

21

25

Mean bias error2

0.04

0.00

− 0.10

− 0.16

− 0.07

− 0.04

− 0.60

− 1.13

ICC (95% CI)3

0.97 (0.95–0.98)

0.92 (0.88–0.95)

0.98 (0.97–0.99)

0.97 (0.95–0.98)

0.99 (0.98–0.99)

0.96 (0.95–0.98)

0.958 (0.94–0.97)

0.991 (0.98–0.995)

p-value

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

Adjusted R4

0.89

0.76

0.93

0.87

0.94

0.87

0.85

0.96

p-value

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

SEM

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.6

6.3

0.16

0.64

4.16

Healthy

Mean difference

0.1

0.2

0.1

0.4

1.8

0.11

0.51

3.34

SD

0.0

0.2

0.2

0.3

2.0

0.12

0.37

3.34

CV (%)1

24

24

20

25

32

13

15

23

Mean bias error2

0.00

0.11

− 0.13

− 0.25

− 0.82

− 0.03

− 0.45

− 2.66

ICC (95% CI)3

0.99 (0.98–0.99)

0.91 (0.81–0.96)

0.99 (0.99–1.00)

0.96 (0.92–0.98)

0.99 (0.99–1.00)

0.94 (0.87–0.971)

0.96 (0.92–0.98)

0.986 (0.969–0.993)

p-value

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

Adjusted R4

0.97

0.67

0.99

0.85

0.99

0.80

0.87

0.95

p-value

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

SEM

0.1

0.2

0.1

0.5

2.5

0.14

0.42

4.28

ICU

Mean difference

0.1

0.2

0.2

0.6

5.5

0.12

0.72

2.74

SD

0.1

0.3

0.4

0.5

5.8

0.12

0.56

2.78

CV (%)1

45

24

38

48

28

20

23

25

Mean bias error2

0.03

− 0.11

− 0.07

0.11

0.63

− 0.05

− 0.67

− 0.34

ICC (95% CI)3

0.95 (0.88–0.98)

0.92 (0.82–0.96)

0.93 (0.86–0.97)

0.91 (0.79–0.96)

0.98 (0.95–0.99)

0.97 (0.95–0.98)

0.954 (0.92–0.97)

0.99 (0.987–0.996)

p-value

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

Adjusted R4

0.80

0.75

0.76

0.68

0.91

0.89

0.84

0.97

p-value

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

SEM

0.2

0.2

0.4

0.7

8.1

0.16

0.72

3.91

Lung cancer

Mean difference

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.4

5.0

   

SD

0.1

0.2

0.1

0.3

5.7

   

CV (%)1

36

28

28

37

27

   

Mean bias error2

0.07

0.00

− 0.09

− 0.31

0.09

   

ICC (95% CI)3

0.95 (0.90–0.98)

0.85 (0.68–0.93)

0.996 (0.99–0.998)

0.98 (0.96–0.99)

0.98 (0.95–0.99)

   

p-value

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

   

Adjusted R4

0.83

0.55

0.99

0.93

0.92

   

p-value

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

   

SEM

0.2

0.2

0.1

0.4

7.1

   
  1. RF = rectus femoris. QC = quadriceps complex (rectus femoris + vastus intermedius). TA = tibialis anterior. mT = muscle thickness. CSA = anatomical cross-sectional area. EI = echo intensity. cm = centimeters. a.u. = arbitrary unit. SD = standard deviation, CV = coefficient of variation, ICC = intraclass correlation coefficient, SEM = standard error of measurement (standard error of the estimate).
  2. 1CV% is the coefficient of variations for the MyoVision-US values.
  3. 2Mean bias error is the average of differences between Manual and MyoVision-US values.
  4. 3Two-way random effect ICC model for consistency between Manual and MyoVision-US values.
  5. 4Adjusted R-squared is linear regression for the MyoVision-US based output predicting manual values.
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