Table 3 Comparative performance analysis of all perovskite tandem solar cell designs.

From: Current matched all perovskite tandem solar cells with low lead perovskites achieving 31.9% efficiency and enhanced stability

Top subcell (wide bandgap material)

Bottom subcell (narrow bandgap material)

JSC (mA/cm2)

VOC (V)

FF (%)

PCE (%)

Type of work/references

MA 0.9Cs0.1Pb(I0.6Br0.4)3

MASn0.5Pb0.5I3

12.7

1.98

73

18.4

Experimental work64

FA0.6Cs0.3DMA0.1PbI2.4Br0.6

FA 0.75Cs0.25Sn 0.5Pb0.5I3

16

1.88

77

23.1

Experimental work65

FAMASnGeI3

CH3NH3GeI3

28.36

1.07

84.46

26.7

Experimental work66

Cs2AgBi0.75Sb0.25Br6

CH3NH3SnI3

15.55

1.94

68.48

24.8

Experimental work67

FA0.8 Cs 0.2 Pb(I0.62Br0.38)3

FA0.7MA0.3Pb0.5Sn0.5I 3

16.5

2.03

79.9

26.7

Experimental work68

FA0.8Cs0.2Pb(I0.6Br0.4)3

FA0.7MA0.3Pb0.5Sn0.5I3

15.6

2.02

79.5

25.1

Experimental work69

CsPbI2Br

CsPb0.4Sn0.6I3:GLE

28.86

0.82

73.66

17.4

Experimental work70

Cs0.4FA0.6PbI1.95Br1.05

Cs0.05MA0.45FA0.5Pb0.5Sn0.5 I3

15.2

2.03

80

24.6

Simulation work71

MAGeI3

FASnI3

14.70

2.63

80

30.8

Simulation work72

MAGeI3

K2PtBr6

16.42

1.96

70.19

24.3

Simulation work73

CsPb0.75Sn0.25IBr2

Cs2TiI6

16.84

2.18

86.97

31.9

This work