Fig. 1
From: Viewers perceive shape in pictures according to per-fixation perspective
Four common projection systems, used for various visualization and artistic purposes. Each one conveys different shape percepts and perceived distortions. Top left: A linear perspective photograph taken with a smartphone in ultrawide zoom, showing marginal distortions in the sphere and the face. Top center: An isometric projection, common in design and videogames, allowing the depiction of large-scale scenes without apparent distortions. Duplicates of the same object all have the same appearance and size, regardless of their locations. (Illustration by Giulia Calistro.) Top right: A stereographic photograph, which distorts the surface of the Earth to appear like a “little planet”. (Photograph by Rich Radke.) Bottom: A pushbroom panorama, which combines multiple sequential cartographic images within the same axis, with one center-of-projection for each column of pixels. (Panorama by Román and Lensch8.
