Fig. 3

Categorization and evaluation of risk prediction models. (A) K-M survival curve of the training subset patients. (B) K-M survival curve of the test subset patients. (C) Scatter plot representing risk scores of the training subset. (D) Scatter plot representing risk scores of test subset. (E) Scatter plot illustrating survival status of the training subset patients. (F) Scatter plot depicting survival status of the test subset patients. (G) Cluster analysis plot for the training subset patients. (H) Cluster analysis plot for the test subset patients. (I) Survival curves for early-stage (I-II) GC patients. (J) Survival curve for advanced-stage (III-IV) GC patients. In subfigures (C) to (H), the dashed line in the center represents the median value, which serves as the threshold to differentiate between different risk individuals. Patients positioned to the left of the median are classified as low risk (shown in blue), whereas those to the right are classified as high risk (shown in red).