Table 2 Random effects Meta-Analysis of regression of daily prayer or meditation on childhood predictors.
From: Childhood experiences and adult prayer or meditation in 22 countries around the world
Estimated Proportion of Effects by Threshold | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variable | Category | RR | 95% CI | < 0.90 | > 1.10 | I^2 | Global p-value |
Relationship with mother | (Ref: Very bad/somewhat bad) | 0.738 | |||||
Very/somewhat good | 1.02 | (1.00,1.05) | 0.00 | 0.00 | < 0.1ǂ | ||
Relationship with father | (Ref: Very bad/somewhat bad) | 0.142 | |||||
Very/somewhat good | 1.03 | (1.01,1.05) | 0.00 | 0.00 | 2.6 | ||
Parent marital status | (Ref: Parents married) | < 0.001** | |||||
No, divorced | 1.00 | (0.94,1.05) | 0.18 | 0.14 | 77.6 | ||
Single, never married | 1.02 | (0.95,1.10) | 0.14 | 0.36 | 86.4 | ||
No, one or both had died | 1.01 | (0.94,1.09) | 0.14 | 0.18 | 89.0 | ||
Subjective financial status of family growing up | (Ref: Got by) | < 0.001** | |||||
Lived comfortably | 1.01 | (0.99,1.03) | 0.00 | 0.00 | 53.1 | ||
Found it difficult | 1.01 | (0.99,1.03) | 0.00 | 0.00 | 43.9 | ||
Found it very difficult | 1.01 | (0.97,1.05) | 0.05 | 0.14 | 64.3 | ||
Abuse | (Ref: No) | 0.001** | |||||
Yes | 1.02 | (0.97,1.08) | 0.00 | 0.24 | 89.0 | ||
Outsider growing up | (Ref: No) | < 0.001** | |||||
Yes | 1.05 | (0.99,1.11) | 0.05 | 0.32 | 90.5 | ||
Self-rated health growing up | (Ref: Good) | < 0.001** | |||||
Excellent | 1.03 | (0.99,1.08) | 0.09 | 0.18 | 89.8 | ||
Very good | 1.01 | (0.98,1.04) | 0.00 | 0.09 | 73.6 | ||
Fair | 0.99 | (0.94,1.04) | 0.09 | 0.05 | 85.6 | ||
Poor | 1.10 | (0.98,1.24) | 0.05 | 0.36 | 91.7 | ||
Immigration status | (Ref: Born in this country) | < 0.001** | |||||
No | 1.09 | (0.99,1.20) | 0.14 | 0.41 | 82.7 | ||
Age 12 religious service attendance | (Ref: Never) | < 0.001** | |||||
At least 1/week | 1.91 | (1.51,2.42) | 0.00 | 0.91 | 99.2 | ||
1–3/month | 1.64 | (1.33,2.01) | 0.00 | 0.77 | 98.6 | ||
Less than 1/month | 1.21 | (1.10,1.34) | 0.00 | 0.55 | 92.2 | ||
Year of birth | (Ref: 1998–2005; age 18–24) | < 0.001** | |||||
1993–1998; age 25–29 | 1.04 | (1.00,1.07) | 0.00 | 0.14 | 64.5 | ||
1983–1993; age 30–39 | 1.08 | (1.02,1.15) | 0.09 | 0.32 | 92.6 | ||
1973–1983; age 40–49 | 1.13 | (1.04,1.23) | 0.09 | 0.55 | 95.6 | ||
1963–1973; age 50–59 | 1.24 | (1.12,1.37) | 0.00 | 0.77 | 96.6 | ||
1953–1963; age 60–69 | 1.29 | (1.13,1.46) | 0.05 | 0.77 | 97.5 | ||
1943–1953; age 70–79 | 1.35 | (1.17,1.57) | 0.05 | 0.82 | 94.7 | ||
1943 or earlier; age 80+ | 1.48 | (1.30,1.68) | 0.00 | 0.86 | 89.6 | ||
Gender | (Ref: Male) | < 0.001** | |||||
Female | 1.14 | (1.09,1.20) | 0.00 | 0.64 | 95.7 | ||
Other | 0.18 | (0.02,1.54) | 0.22 | 0.50 | 100.0 | ||
