Table 1 Comparison of EMR exchange architectures.
From: Enhancing patient admission efficiency through a hybrid cloud framework for medical record sharing
Feature | Centralized cloud | Conventional hybrid cloud | Blockchain-based EMR | Proposed BioCareCloud |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Data storage | Fully centralized | Distributed but shared | Distributed ledger | Distributed, hospital-owned |
Record discovery mechanism | Central database | Direct querying | Ledger lookup | Index-only Community Cloud |
Privacy exposure | Relatively high | Medium | Medium | Lower exposure (no EMR stored in Community Cloud) |
Emergency workflow suitability | Limited | Moderate | Low (latency) | Designed for ED workflows |
Selective record access | No | Limited | Limited | Yes (scenario-based) |
Patient identity resolution | Local/manual | Local/manual | Key-based | Government Cloud–assisted |
Workflow differentiation | No | No | No | Yes (scenario-based) |
