Table 2 Comparison of MLWD and their locations.

From: Influence of non-stationarity in friction angle on the performance of the braced excavation system

Constitutive model

MLWD (mm)

Location of MLWD below the ground surface (m)

Luo et al.5 - HS

24

−5.58

This study - HS

23.73

−5.51

This study - MC

24.36

−6.00