Table 1 Sociodemographic characteristics and health behaviors of participants, stratified by kratom use.
Characteristics | Kratom users (n = 285) | Non-users (n = 296) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
Age (year), Mean ± SD | 55.8 ± 11.4 | 55.7 ± 12.0 | 0.963 |
Sex (male), n (%) | 224 (78.6) | 88 (29.7) | < 0.001 |
BMI (kg/m2), Mean ± SD | 23.1 ± 3.9 | 25.2 ± 4.8 | < 0.001 |
Current smoking, n (%) | 154 (54.0) | 39 (13.2) | < 0.001 |
Current drinking, n (%) | 74 (26.0) | 23 (7.8) | < 0.001 |
Exercise (≥ 3 times/week), n (%) | 80 (28.1) | 114 (38.5) | 0.008 |
History of cannabis use, n (%) | 44 (15.4) | 11 (3.7) | < 0.001 |
History of methamphetamine, n (%) | 11 (3.9) | 3 (1.0) | 0.030 |
Use of antihypertensive medication, n (%) | 78 (27.4) | 79 (26.7) | 0.854 |
Use of antidiabetic medication, n (%) | 28 (9.8) | 26 (8.8) | 0.666 |
Regular use of other herbal supplements, n (%) | 50 (17.5) | 44 (14.9) | 0.381 |
