Table 2 Comparison of hematological parameters between kratom users and non-users.

From: Hematological and clinical-chemistry parameters of kratom users: a comparative study of users and non-users in Southern Thailand

Parameters

Unadjusted mean (SD)

Adjusted mean (95% CI)

Reference range

Users

(n = 285)

Non-users

(n = 296

p-value

Users, n = 285)

Non-users, n = 296

p-value

WBC (103/µL)

8.03 ± 2.01

7.43 ± 2.20

 < 0.001

7.72

(7.47–7.97)

7.73

(7.49–8.00)

0.943

4.0–9.0

RBC (106/ µL)

4.95 ± 0.54

4.77 ± 0.55

 < 0.001

4.88

(4.81–4.94)

4.84

(4.78–4.90)

0.401

3.8–5.3

Hemoglobin (g/dL) (Male)

14.58 ± 1.38

14.61 ± 1.55

0.870

14.58

(14.40–14.77)

14.61

(14.31–14.91)

0.875

14–18

Hemoglobin (g/dL) (Female)

12.90 ± 1.33

12.63 ± 1.42

0.188

12.83

(12.44–13.21)

12.72

(12.52–12.92)

0.649

12–16

Hematocrit (%) (Male)

44.96 ± 3.81

45.04 ± 4.44

0.871

44.89

(44.47–45.50)

44.96

(44.13–45.80)

0.963

42–52

Hematocrit (%) (Female)

40.40 ± 3.84

39.80 ± 3.80

0.275

40.26

(39.25–41.26)

40.02

(39.49–40.54)

0.695

36–48

MCV (fL)

89.27 ± 7.65

87.24 ± 8.70

0.003

88.07

(87.08–89.07)

88.40

(87.42–89.37)

0.672

80–100

MCH (pg)

28.87 ± 2.97

27.88 ± 3.30

 < 0.001

28.33

(27.95–28.71)

28.41

(28.04–28.78)

0.776

28–32

MCHC (g/dL)

32.29 ± 0.83

31.90 ± 0.95

 < 0.001

32.10

(32.00–32.21)

32.08

(31.98–32.19)

0.787

31–35

RDW (%)

13.38 ± 1.47

13.47 ± 1.44

0.463

13.34

(13.16–13.52)

13.50

(13.32–13.68)

0.241

10.0–16.5

Platelets (103/µL)

264.10 ± 58.30

276.40 ± 63.26

0.015

271.45

(263.89–279.02)

269.31

(261.91–276.71)

0.712

150–350

Neutrophils (%)

52.36 ± 10.23

51.89 ± 10.16

0.574

51.66

(50.37–52.95)

52.56

(51.03–53.83)

0.359

42–85

Lymphocytes (%)

37.05 ± 9.77

38.03 ± 9.49

0.220

38.12

(36.91–39.32)

37.01

(35.83–38.19)

0.232

11–49

Monocytes (%)

5.92 ± 1.65

5.79 ± 1.61

0.340

5.80

(5.59–6.00)

5.92

(5.72–6.12)

0.442

0–9

Eosinophils (%)

4.60 ± 3.11

4.24 ± 3.42

0.177

4.39

(3.97–4.80)

4.45

(4.04–4.85)

0.851

0–6

Basophils (%)

0.06 ± 0.24

0.05 ± 0.22

0.636

0.05

(0.02–0.08)

0.06

(0.04–0.09)

0.422

0–2

  1. Adjusted for age, sex, BMI, current smoking, and current alcohol drinking.
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