Table 6 Comparison of hematological and clinical-chemistry parameters between male kratom users and male non-users.
Parameters | Male Kratom users (n = 224) | Male Non kratom users (n = 88) | p-value | Reference range |
|---|---|---|---|---|
WBC (103/µL) | 8.11 ± 0.16 | 7.93 ± 0.24 | 0.518 | 4–9 |
RBC (106/ µL) | 5.03 ± 0.04 | 5.00 ± 0.06 | 0.691 | 3.8–5.3 |
Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 14.64 ± 0.10 | 14.67 ± 0.16 | 0.875 | 14–18 |
Hematocrit (%) | 45.14 ± 0.29 | 45.12 ± 0.44 | 0.963 | 42–52 |
MCV (fL) | 90.26 ± 0.53 | 90.92 ± 0.81 | 0.479 | 80–100 |
MCH (pg) | 29.29 ± 0.20 | 29.55 ± 0.31 | 0.448 | 28–32 |
MCHC (g/dL) | 32.41 ± 0.05 | 32.49 ± 0.08 | 0.404 | 31–35 |
RDW (%) | 13.31 ± 0.10 | 13.19 ± 0.16 | 0.504 | 10.0–16.5 |
Platelets (103/µL) | 259.19 ± 4.25 | 252.12 ± 6.45 | 0.344 | 150–350 |
Neutrophils (%) | 52.66 ± 0.78 | 53.79 ± 1.18 | 0.409 | 42–85 |
Lymphocytes (%) | 36.59 ± 0.73 | 35.49 ± 1.10 | 0.391 | 11–49 |
Monocytes (%) | 5.90 ± 0.13 | 5.89 ± 0.19 | 0.959 | 0–9 |
Eosinophils (%) | 4.81 ± 0.24 | 5.75 ± 0.37 | 0.883 | 0–6 |
Basophils (%) | 0.05 ± 0.02 | 0.09 ± 0.03 | 0.210 | 0–2 |
Glucose (mg/dL) | 96.18 ± 2.37 | 99.10 ± 3.59 | 0.482 | 74–106 |
HbA1c (%) | 5.52 ± 0.07 | 5.70 ± 0.11 | 0.143 | 3.8–5.6 |
BUN (mg/dL) | 13.85 ± 0.32 | 14.54 ± 4.82 | 0.220 | 7–18 |
Creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.88 ± 0.02 | 0.99 ± 0.02 | < 0.001 | 0.67–1.17 |
GFR (mL/min/1.73 m) | 93.40 ± 0.96 | 87.79 ± 1.46 | < 0.001 | ≥ 90 |
Total protein (g/dL) | 8.07 ± 0.03 | 8.01 ± 0.05 | 0.223 | 6.4–8.2 |
Albumin (serum) (g/dL) | 3.72 ± 0.03 | 3.72 ± 0.04 | 0.901 | 3.4–5.0 |
Globulin (g/dL) | 4.35 ± 0.04 | 4.29 ± 0.05 | 0.324 | 2.3–3.4 |
Total bilirubin (mg/dL) | 0.57 ± 0.02 | 0.60 ± 0.03 | 0.502 | 0.20–1.00 |
Direct bilirubin (mg/dL) | 0.14 ± 0.004 | 0.15 ± 0.01 | 0.498 | 0.0–0.2 |
AST (U/L) | 29.93 ± 1.42 | 31.13 ± 2.15 | 0.631 | 15–37 |
ALT (U/L) | 32.05 ± 1.23 | 34.56 ± 1.87 | 0.245 | 16–63 |
Alk. Phosphatase (U/L) | 77.49 ± 1.76 | 73.95 ± 2.67 | 0.253 | 46–116 |
