Table 7 Comparison of hematological and clinical-chemistry parameters between female kratom users and female non-users.
Parameters | Female Kratom users (n = 61) | Female Non kratom users (n = 208) | p-value | Reference range |
|---|---|---|---|---|
WBC (103/µL) | 6.68 ± 0.57 | 6.94 ± 0.57 | 0.332 | 4–9 |
RBC (106/ µL) | 4.71 ± 0.15 | 4.65 ± 0.15 | 0.361 | 3.8–5.3 |
Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 12.34 ± 0.45 | 12.39 ± 0.45 | 0.239 | 12–16 |
Hematocrit (%) | 39.76 ± 1.23 | 39.20 ± 1.23 | 0.328 | 36–48 |
MCV (fL) | 84.48 ± 2.76 | 84.49 ± 2.74 | 0.997 | 80–100 |
MCH (pg) | 26.83 ± 1.05 | 26.72 ± 1.05 | 0.822 | 28–32 |
MCHC (g/dL) | 31.62 ± 0.31 | 31.48 ± 0.31 | 0.317 | 31–35 |
RDW (%) | 13.75 ± 0.48 | 14.28 ± 0.48 | 0.017 | 10.0–16.5 |
Platelets (103/µL) | 281.71 ± 20.12 | 285.30 ± 20.04 | 0.699 | 150–350 |
Neutrophils (%) | 47.03 ± 3.13 | 347.72 ± 3.12 | 0.636 | 42–85 |
Lymphocytes (%) | 39.34 ± 2.92 | 38.04 ± 2.90 | 0.330 | 11–49 |
Monocytes (%) | 6.39 ± 0.48 | 6.70 ± 0.48 | 0.161 | 0–9 |
Eosinophils (%) | 7.10 ± 1.03 | 7.43 ± 1.03 | 0.485 | 0–6 |
Basophils (%) | 0.13 ± 0.06 | 0.12 ± 0.06 | 0.524 | 0–2 |
Glucose (mg/dL) | 80.41 ± 7.27 | 80.74 ± 7.24 | 0.921 | 74–106 |
HbA1c (%) | 5.40 ± 0.27 | 5.14 ± 0.27 | 0.060 | 3.8–5.6 |
BUN (mg/dL) | 10.96 ± 1.18 | 11.44 ± 1.18 | 0.377 | 7–18 |
Creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.71 ± 0.05 | 0.73 ± 0.05 | 0.355 | 0.51–0.95 |
GFR (mL/min/1.73 m) | 95.26 ± 3.95 | 93.41 ± 3.94 | 0.310 | ≥ 90 |
Total protein (g/dL) | 7.77 ± 0.13 | 7.83 ± 0.13 | 0.357 | 6.4–8.2 |
Albumin (serum) (g/dL) | 3.34 ± 0.10 | 3.48 ± 0.10 | 0.003 | 3.4–5.0 |
Globulin (g/dL) | 4.43 ± 0.12 | 4.35 ± 0.12 | 0.122 | 2.3–3.4 |
Total bilirubin (mg/dL) | 0.37 ± 0.07 | 0.43 ± 0.07 | 0.074 | 0.20–1.00 |
Direct bilirubin (mg/dL) | 0.10 ± 0.01 | 0.11 ± 0.01 | 0.481 | 0.0–0.2 |
AST (U/L) | 19.99 ± 4.73 | 19.92 ± 4.71 | 0.975 | 15–37 |
ALT (U/L) | 19.81 ± 8.25 | 20.46 ± 8.22 | 0.863 | 14–59 |
Alk. Phosphatase (U/L) | 75.23 ± 6.26 | 75.78 ± 6.23 | 0.984 | 46–116 |
