Abstract
The increasing demand for high-speed communication has driven the development of antennas with improved performance characteristics for millimeter-wave (mm-Wave) 5G applications. A mm-wave 8-port Multi-Input-Multi-Output (MIMO) antenna aiming for 360° pattern diversity and high gain for 28 GHz applications has been presented in this paper. The antenna is made up of fully covered ground plane on Rogers RT-droid 5880 substrate (dielectric constant of 2.2 and electric tangent 0.0009) having eight port MIMO array system. The unit element offers a gain of 7.37 dBi which is improved to 12 dBi by converting into an unconventional three element array. The array offers an operational bandwidth of 27.6–28.4 GHz, covering almost 800 MHz, which provides sufficient spectrum for high-frequency applications such as 5G communication, radar systems, and millimeter-wave technologies. Despite the observed trade-off among reduced bandwidth and enhanced gain, the proposed design offers a viable solution for applications such as point-to-point communication, backhaul links, and other 5G mm-wave infrastructure. The array is further extended to eight port MIMO configurations that enhance data throughput and spectral efficiency while improving spatial diversity and 360° beam steering which consequently improves the overall efficiency of the modern-day wireless systems.
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Funding
This work was supported by Institute of Information & communications Technology Planning & Evaluation (IITP) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT) (No.RS-2024-00466966, A systematic study on health risk of EMF exposure in advanced wireless service environments).
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Conceptualization, A.A., W.A.A., D.S. and N.K.; writing—original draft preparation, A.A., W.A.A., D.C. and N.H.; writing—review and editing, A.A., W.A.A., D.S. and N.K.; methodology, formal analysis, investigation, A.A., W.A.A., D.C. and N.H.; visualization and project administration, D.S. and N.K. All authors have read and agreed to the submitted version of the manuscript.
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Abaas, A., Awan, W.A., Choi, D. et al. A high-gain Y-shaped patch array with an 8-port MIMO configuration for pattern diversity in mm-wave applications. Sci Rep (2026). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-35545-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-35545-y
