Table 16 Statistical significance analysis.

From: Enhanced paddy leaf disease detection using novel dual metaheuristic loss functions in generative adversarial networks with identity block preservation for thermal image augmentation

Comparison

Metric

p-value

Cohen’s d

95% CI lower

95% CI upper

Effect size

Proposed vs. DCGAN

Accuracy

 < 0.001

2.847

11.23%

13.67%

Very large

Proposed vs. CycleGAN

PSNR

 < 0.001

1.923

4.87 dB

6.23 dB

Large

Proposed vs. StyleGAN2

FID

 < 0.001

2.156

11.34

15.67

Very large

Proposed vs. ViT

F1-score

 < 0.001

3.241

0.098

0.134

Very large

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