Table 5 Comparison of Adversarial Accuracy (Adv Acc) for various adversarial methods. A higher Adversarial Accuracy indicates a less effective adversarial manipulation, whereas a lower Adversarial Accuracy signifies greater system vulnerability.

From: Evaluating gait system vulnerabilities through PPO and GAN-generated adversarial attacks

Method

Adversarial Accuracy (%)

Adversarial attack using GANs (2019)50

80

Gait spoofing using masterization (2023)54

78

Adversarial attacks using accelerometer-based data (2022)52

78.9

Temporal sparse adversarial attack using GAN (2023)33

67.78

One cycle attack on gait authentication (2021)51

57

Reinforcement learning-based Q-learning attack (2023)53

47.96

Infrared Adversarial Patch Generation Based on Reinforcement Learning (2024)55

37.70

Adversarial attack using GAN & PPO (Our Method)

31.40