Table 3 Maternal lifestyle, behavioral, environmental and nutritional characteristics of study participants in public hospitals of Northern Ethiopia, 2024.
Variable | Category | Cases (n = 77) | Controls (n = 307) | Total (n = 384) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Frequency (%) | Frequency (%) | Frequency (%) | ||
Food consumption score | Poor | 48(62.8) | 113(36.8) | 161(42.0) |
Border line | 22(28.6) | 131(42.7) | 153(39.8) | |
Acceptable | 7(9.1) | 63(20.5) | 70(18.2) | |
Nutritional counseling | Yes | 15(19.5) | 124(40.4) | 102(26.6) |
No | 62(80.5) | 183(59.6) | 282(73.4) | |
Additional food in pregnancy | Yes | 16(20.8) | 126(41.0) | 142(37.0) |
No | 61(79.2) | 181(59.0) | 242(63.0) | |
Alcohol consumption | Yes | 28(36.4) | 49(16.0) | 77(20.1) |
No | 49(63.6) | 258(84.0) | 307(79.9) | |
Exposure to radiation | Yes | 3(3.9) | 1(0.3) | 4(1.0) |
No | 74(96.1) | 306(99.7) | 380(99.0) | |
Exposure to pesticides | Yes | 7(9.1) | 8(2.6) | 15(3.9) |
No | 70(90.9) | 299(97.4) | 369(96.1) | |
Smoking during pregnancy | Yes | 3(3.9) | 4(1.3) | 7(1.8) |
No | 74(96.1) | 303(98.9) | 377(98.2) | |
Passive exposure to cigarette | Yes | 7(9.1) | 8(2.6) | 15(3.9) |
No | 70(90.9) | 299(97.4) | 369(96.1) | |
Surface water as a source of drinking | Yes | 15(19.5) | 12(3.9) | 27(7.0) |
No | 62(80.5) | 295(96.1) | 357(93.0) |
