Table 1 Characteristics of the study population (N = 198) and comparison of sociodemographic data between participants with and without varicose veins.

From: Accelerometer-based assessment of occupational standing time and its association with venous disorders – results of a cross-sectional field study

Characteristic

Overall, N = 198

No VV or CVI, N = 151

With VV or CVI, N = 47

p-value

m (SD)

md [min; max]

n (%)

m (SD)

md [min; max]

n (%)

m (SD)

md [min; max]

n (%)

Age (in years)

40 (9)

40 [24; 56]

198 (100)

39 (9)

37 [24; 56]

151 (100)

46 (7)

47 [26; 56]

47 (100)

< 0.001

18–29

  

29 (15)

  

27 (18)

  

2 (4)

 

30–39

  

66 (33)

  

61 (40)

  

5 (11)

 

40–49

  

63 (32)

  

38 (25)

  

25 (53)

 

50–59

  

40 (20)

  

25 (17)

  

15 (32)

 

Gender

  

198 (100)

  

151 (100)

  

47 (100)

0.14

Women

  

116 (59)

  

86 (57)

  

30 (64)

 

Men

  

81 (41)

  

65 (43)

  

16 (34)

 

Diverse

  

1 (0)

  

0 (0)

  

1 (2)

 

BMI (in kg/m2)

26.0 (4.2)

25.3 [17.5; 39.2]

198 (100)

25.6 (4.0)

25.2 [17.5; 37.3]

151 (100)

27.3 (4.8)

26.2 [17.6; 39.2]

47 (100)

0.036

17-18.4 (underweight)

  

4 (2)

  

3 (2)

  

1 (2)

 

18.5–24.9 (normal)

  

86 (43)

  

69 (45)

  

17 (36)

 

25-29.9 (overweight)

  

75 (38)

  

57 (38)

  

18 (38)

 

30-34.9 (adiposity I)

  

23 (12)

  

16 (11)

  

7 (15)

 

35-39.9 (adiposity II)

  

10 (5)

  

6 (4)

  

4 (9)

 

Education

  

198 (100)

  

151 (100)

  

47 (100)

0.6

Primary

  

50 (25)

  

38 (25)

  

12 (26)

 

Secondary

  

118 (60)

  

88 (58)

  

30 (64)

 

Tertiary

  

30 (15)

  

25 (17)

  

5 (10)

 

Smoking habit

  

198 (100)

  

151 (100)

  

47 (100)

0.5

Current smoker

  

64 (32)

  

52 (34)

  

12 (25)

 

Ex-smoker

  

50 (25)

  

37 (25)

  

13 (28)

 

Non-smoker

  

84 (43)

  

62 (41)

  

22 (47)

 

Previous pregnancy (only women)

  

115 (98)

  

85 (56)

  

30 (64)

< 0.001

Yes

  

62 (54)

  

38 (45)

  

24 (80)

 

No

  

53 (46)

  

47 (55)

  

6 (20)

 

Family history: varicose veins in parents

  

195

  

149 (99)

  

42 (93)

0.3

No

  

83 (42)

  

66 (44)

  

17 (36)

 

One parent

  

101 (52)

  

76 (51)

  

25 (53)

 

Both parents

  

12 (6)

  

7 (5)

  

5 (11)

 

Tenure in same occupational activity with same employer (in months)

131 (97)

115 [2; 444]

198 (100)

121 (90)

91 [2; 383]

151 (100)

162 (113)

144 [6; 444]

47 (100)

0.026

Long-term cumulative occupational standing time (in h)

10,145 (8,396)

7,893 [262; 40,365]

173 (87)

9,483 (7,459)

7,947 [262; 40,365]

133 (88)

12,345 (10,777)

7,640 [455; 38,725]

40 (85)

0.3

Standing duration per day

  

198 (100)

  

151 (100)

  

47 (100)

0.012

≤2 h

  

36 (18)

  

26 (17)

  

10 (21)

 

>2 h ≤4 h

  

91 (46)

  

78 (52)

  

13 (28)

 

>4 h

  

71 (36)

  

47 (31)

  

24 (51)

 

CEAP classification

  

198 (100)

  

151 (100)

  

47 (100)

> 0.001

C0

  

32 (16)

  

32 (21)

  

0 (0)

 

C1

  

119 (60)

  

119 (79)

  

0 (0)

 

C2

  

40 (20)

  

0 (0)

  

40 (85)

 

C3

  

6 (3.0)

  

0 (0)

  

6 (13)

 

C4a

  

1 (0.5)

  

0 (0)

  

1 (2.1)

 

Pathological reflux

  

195 (98)

  

148 (98)

  

47 (100)

0.002

Yes

  

74 (38)

  

47 (32)

  

27 (51)

 

No

  

121 (62)

  

101 (68)

  

23 (49)

 

Number of veins with pathological reflux

  

195 (98)

  

148 (98)

  

47 (100)

0.005

0

  

121 (62)

  

101 (68)

  

20 (43)

 

1

  

38 (19)

  

25 (17)

  

13 (28)

 

2

  

20 (10)

  

14 (9.5)

  

6 (13)

 

3

  

4 (2.0)

  

1 (0.7)

  

3 (6)

 

4

  

9 (4.5)

  

5 (3.5)

  

4 (8)

 

5

  

2 (1.0)

  

2 (1.3)

  

0 (0)

 

7

  

1 (0.5)

  

0 (0)

  

1 (2)

 
  1. m = mean; sd = standard deviation; md = median; min = minimum; max = maximum; n = absolute numbers for categorical variables or number to treat for continuous variables; % = relative frequency; VV = varicose veins; CVI = chronic venous insufficiency (≥ C3 according to CEAP classification).
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