Table 2 Multiple logistic regression analysis to explore possible risk factors, primarily standing duration per day, for varicose veins (0 = no; 1 = yes), N = 195.

	Model 1				Model 2 (forward-backward-approach)				Model 3				Model 4
	OR	p	lCI	uCI	OR	p	lCI	uCI	OR	p	lCI	uCI	OR	p	lCI	uCI
Intercept	0.385	0.010	0.177	0.773	0.003	0.000	0.000	0.019	0.005	0.000	0.000	0.038	0.001	0.002	0.000	0.062
Standing duration per day (ref = ≤ 2 h) >2 h ≤4 h >4 h	0.445	0.090	0.174	1.154					0.433	0.101	0.159	1.195	0.374	0.115	0.110	1.294
Standing duration per day (ref = ≤ 2 h) >2 h ≤4 h >4 h	1.272	0.593	0.534	3.171					0.795	0.650	0.294	2.174	0.717	0.575	0.222	2.312
Age (years)					1.110	0.000	1.064	1.164	1.105	0.000	1.058	1.159	1.099	0.001	1.049	1.156
Mean period duration [s]													1.002	0.619	0.995	1.008
Gender (ref = women)
Men													0.629	0.264	0.273	1.404
BMI (in kg/m2)													1.067	0.188	0.970	1.176
Education (ref = primary)
Secondary													1.494	0.409	0.585	3.990
Tertiary													0.850	0.831	0.180	3.655
Work ability item 1													1.030	0.827	0.794	1.352
Family history: varicose veins in parents (ref = No)
One parent					1.581	0.237	0.746	3.436	1.560	0.256	0.730	3.419	1.428	0.379	0.649	3.209
Both					4.451	0.040	1.043	18.797	4.049	0.066	0.889	18.277	3.551	0.127	0.677	18.273
Smoking habit (ref = non-smoker)
Current													1.095	0.851	0.422	2.819
Ex-smoker													0.817	0.684	0.303	2.138
AIC	214.02				192.33				192.98				203.27
AUC	0.62				0.75				0.77				0.78
R²	0.06				0.21				0.23				0.27

lCI = lower CI; uCI = upper CI; ref = reference category; AIC = Akaike Information Criterion; AUC = Area under the Curve; R² calculated using the pseudo R² by Nagelkerke (1 = best fit); statistically significant results are indicated in bold (p < 0.05).

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