Abstract
To delineate the molecular characteristics and assess the drug resistance prediction value of whole-genome sequencing (WGS) for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) in Fujian Province, China. Representative MTB surveillance isolates underwent phenotypic drug susceptibility testing (pDST), followed by WGS(gDST), with resistance mutation analysis conducted on the SAM-TB platform. The rate of mono-resistance, poly-resistance, and multidrug-resistance (MDR) identified by pDST were 38.67%, 12.00% and 10.00% respectively. Lineage analysis revealed that L2 (60.0%) and L4 (38.7%) predominated. No statistically significant difference in drug-resistance rates among lineages (χ² = 4.85, P = 0.183). Total drug resistance rate by gDST was 67.03%, harboring 126 resistance-associated mutations. The most frequent mutations were KatG S315T (22.22%), rpoB S450L (10.32%), rpsL K43R (12.70%), embB M306I (4.76%), and gyrA D94G (7.94%). Using pDST as the reference standard, the sensitivity, specificity and concordance rate of gDST to RFP, INH, FQs, EMB, SM was 78.95%, 78.05%, 76.47%, 53.85%, 45.71%, and 98.47%, 94.50%, 93.98%, 97.08%, 95.65%, and 0.81, 0.74, 0.64, 0.55, 0.48, respectively. WGS provided rapid, comprehensive genotyping of MTB isolates, revealing the predominant lineages L2 and L4 in Fujian Province and reliably predicting resistance to RFP, INH, and FQ.
Data availability
The raw sequence data reported in this paper have been deposited in the Genome Sequence Archive in National Genomics Data Center, China National Center for Bioinformation/Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CRA029438) that are publicly accessible at https:// ngdc. cncb. ac. cn/ gsa. The datasets used and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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Funding
This study was sponsored by the Fujian Provincial Science and Technology Program (2022Y0048, 2023Y0044) and Fujian Provincial Health Technology Project (2023CXA031). The funder had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
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Y.D. and Y.L. are the Corresponding Authors, and designed and supervised the study. S.W. and Y.Z. are the performers of this study, responsible for collecting information, conducting experiments and data analysis, preparing tables and figure, and drafting the manuscript. J.L. was participated in experiments, and data analysis. S.L., Z.D., and Y.L all participated in coordinating and managing the operations of TB drug resistance surveillance sites. Y.D. and Y.L. provided financial support. All authors reviewed and approved the manuscript.
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Wei, S., Zhao, Y., Lin, J. et al. First insight of characteristics and prediction of Mycobacterium tuberculosis drug resistance by whole genome sequencing in Fujian Province, China. Sci Rep (2026). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-40398-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-40398-6
