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Kaolin particle film reduces drought stress in grapevines and regulates photosynthesis and antioxidant capacity
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  • Published: 20 February 2026

Kaolin particle film reduces drought stress in grapevines and regulates photosynthesis and antioxidant capacity

  • Ying Wang1,5 na1,
  • Xiao Cao2 na1,
  • Zhi-Lei Wang4,
  • Ni Zhan1,5,
  • Jie Qiao1,5,
  • Zhi-Guo Zhou1,5,
  • Nan-Nan Zhao1,
  • Xin-Ming Wu3 &
  • …
  • Chun-Yan Xie1,5,6 

Scientific Reports , Article number:  (2026) Cite this article

We are providing an unedited version of this manuscript to give early access to its findings. Before final publication, the manuscript will undergo further editing. Please note there may be errors present which affect the content, and all legal disclaimers apply.

Subjects

  • Physiology
  • Plant sciences

Abstract

Water scarcity is one of the major factors restricting grape cultivation in arid and semi-arid regions of China. Kaolin particle film (KPF) has shown great potential in alleviating crop stress and improving water use efficiency. To further investigate how KPF alleviate drought stress at physiological level, this study evaluated the drought index, leaf relative water content (RWC), photosynthesis, antioxidant properties, and osmotic adjustment ability of Cabernet-Sauvignon seedlings leaves in controlled greenhouse under three conditions: natural drought (ND), natural drought + KPF (ND + KPF) and normal irrigation (NI). Measurements were taken on 0, 5, 9, 13 and 17 days post drought treatment. The results indicated that foliar application of KPF during natural drought progression reduced the seedling drought index by 10.98–38.30%, increased net photosynthesis (An) by 48.40–134.75%, thereby partially alleviated drought stress. Concurrently, KPF decreased stomatal conductance (gs), leading to a reduction in leaf transpiration (E) by 24.05%-59.83% and an increase in leaf relative water content (RWC) by 5.12–10.03%. Furthermore, KPF treatment significantly lowered the leaf contents of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) by 8.73–31.22% and 19.89–21.79%, respectively, indicating mitigated oxidative stress. KPF-treated plants exhibited lower activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT), as well as reduced accumulation of glutathione (GSH), ascorbic acid (ASA), proline and soluble protein during the early and middle stages of stress. Meanwhile, it helped sustain essential metabolic activity at the peak of stress severity. These findings suggest that KPF does not primarily function by chemically activating defense responses, but rather through a physical mechanism. Specifically, KPF likely acts as an antitranspirant, reducing the adverse effects of drought by maintaining favorable cellular water status. This study provides new insights into the mechanisms by which KPF mitigates drought stress in crops.

Data availability

Data will be made available upon request at 1231597@lfnu.edu.cn and 3200832@lfnu.edu.cn.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Jiayi Yang for his guidance on grapevine cultivation.

Funding

This research was funded by the Self-funded Projects of Langfang (2023013116), the Doctor Scientific Research Start-up Costs of Langfang Normal University (XBQ202413) and the Hebei Provincial Science and Technology Program(24452901 K).

Author information

Author notes

  1. Ying Wang and Xiao Cao contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Life Sciences, Langfang Normal University, Langfang, 065000, China

    Ying Wang, Ni Zhan, Jie Qiao, Zhi-Guo Zhou, Nan-Nan Zhao & Chun-Yan Xie

  2. Wuhan Quanfeng Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Wuhan, 430000, China

    Xiao Cao

  3. School of Electronic Information Engineering, Langfang Normal University, Langfang, 065000, China

    Xin-Ming Wu

  4. School of Enology and Horticulture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750000, China

    Zhi-Lei Wang

  5. Technical Innovation Center for Utilization of Edible and Medicinal Fungi in Hebei Province, Langfang, 065000, China

    Ying Wang, Ni Zhan, Jie Qiao, Zhi-Guo Zhou & Chun-Yan Xie

  6. Key Laboratory of Microbial Fermentation in Langfang, Langfang, 065000, China

    Chun-Yan Xie

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Contributions

Y.W. and X.C. conducted the main experiments, collected and analyzed the data. Y.W. prepared the manuscript. X.-M.W. and C.-Y.X. conceived and revised the paper. Z.-L.W. was mainly responsible for grape seedling cultivation management and sample collection. N.Z. and N.-N.Z. handled the operation of the photosynthetic instrument and collected the corresponding data. J.Q. assisted in the management of experimental materials. Z.-G.Z. provided professional guidance for the trial. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Xin-Ming Wu or Chun-Yan Xie.

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Wang, Y., Cao, X., Wang, ZL. et al. Kaolin particle film reduces drought stress in grapevines and regulates photosynthesis and antioxidant capacity. Sci Rep (2026). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-40602-7

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  • Received: 12 December 2025

  • Accepted: 13 February 2026

  • Published: 20 February 2026

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-40602-7

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Keywords

  • Kaolin particle film
  • Photosynthesis
  • Enzyme activity
  • Drought stress
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