Abstract
A broadened polarization bandwidth with a high-gain SADEA-driven metasurface antenna at 5 GHz is investigated for the sub-6 GHz 5G wireless applications. At first, a λo/4 linearly polarized printed monopole antenna is considered. In the next step, a metallic strip that serves as a dynamic switching mechanism is used to short one of the parasitic conducting strips with a partial ground plane to get circular polarization (CP). To make it suitable for the RF energy harvesting application, a crucial part of sub-6 GHz 5G communication, the motive is to achieve broadened performance for antenna gain, impedance (10-dB BW), and axial bandwidths (3-dB BW). It is attained by placing the SADEA-tuned metasurface layer as a parasitic patch at the height of 0.02λo, below the radiator. With the usage of the SADEA optimization method, the process of the metasurface layer is depicted as more effective in performance and less complex towards its execution. It is printed on FR-4 of 1.33λo × 0.9λo × 0.02λo, which offers a measured 58.23% 10-dB BW, 26.39% 3-dB BW, CP gain peak > 5.9 dBic, antenna efficiency > 75%, with a front-to-back ratio > -20 dBic in the sub-6 GHz 5G bands, a potential candidate for the next-generation wireless communication, especially for the RF energy harvesting systems.
Data availability
The datasets used and analyzed during the research are available from the corresponding author on the request.
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Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank the support of Sejong University Seoul, South Korea for helping us in carrying out the research work.
Funding
The research work was funded by Sejong University, Korea.
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**Concepts: ** Bikash Ranjan Behera and Harikrishna Paik.; **Methodology: ** Bikash Ranjan Behera, Harikrishna Paik, J. Arun Kumar, Mohammed H. Alsharif, & Sabri Saeed; **Writing-Original Draft Preparation** : Bikash Ranjan Behera, Harikrishna Paik, J. Arun Kumar, Mohammed H. Alsharif, & Khalid Yahya; **Writing-Final Review and Editing** : Bikash Ranjan Behera, Mohammed H. Alsharif, Sabri Saeed, & Khalid Yahya; **Project Administration: ** Mohammed H. Alsharif & Khalid Yahya; **Funding Acquisition: ** Mohammed H. Alsharif, Sabri Saeed, & Khalid Yahya.
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Behera, B.R., Paik, H., Kumar, J.A. et al. Implementation of smart metasurfaces for the Sub-6 GHz 5G wireless systems: design, optimization, and its synthesis for enhancing antenna’s performance. Sci Rep (2026). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-41436-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-41436-z
