Table 4 Long-run and short-run estimates of non-linear ARDL models.

Lags

1,0,0,1,1

1,1,1,1,1,0

1,0,0,0,0

1,0,1,1,0,0

lnFirmsize

−2.051^***

−20.064^**

−2.592^***

−74.358^**

lnFirmsize2

0.429^***

9.301^**

0.558^***

32.566^**

lnFirmsize3

−1.441^**

−4.707^**

lnRoad_p

−0.337^**

0.353^**

0.347^***

−0.352^*

lnRoad_n

−82.645^*

−55.786

−10.131

−19.616

Constant

−5.811^***

−1.446

−10.581^***

29.462^*

Wald test

2.848 (0.099)

2.503 (0.122)

0.211 (0.648)

0.164 (0.687)

Short-term

∆lnDustper

∆lnNO2per

∆lnOxper

∆lnCOper

∆lnFirmsize

−1.276^**

−7.761^***

−1.828^***

−52.058^**

∆lnFirmsize2

0.267^**

3.598^***

0.393^***

22.800^**

∆lnFirmsize3

−0.557^***

−3.295^***

∆lnRoad_p

−0.210^**

0.136^**

0.245^***

−0.247^*

∆lnRoad_n

−51.451^*

−21.580

−7.144

−13.733

ECT (t−1)

−0.622^***

−0.386^***

−0.705^***

−0.700^***

Wald test

3.755 (0.059)

2.419 (0.129)

0.222 (0.639)

0.167 (0.685)

DW stat.

2.09

2.36

2.25

1.91

R²

0.91

0.87

0.69

0.71

Adj R²

0.90

0.83

0.64

0.63

Bound test

C (8.35)

C (6.40)

C (6.15)

C (5.80)

a)

A

A

A

A

b)

A

A

A

A

c)

R

A

A

A

d)

A

A

A

A