Fig. 2: A comparison of the life cycle of biological pathogens and infopathogen.
From: Information: a missing component in understanding and mitigating social epidemics

A A fictitious biological pathogen spread by human contact (hollow arrows) and vectored by mosquitos (solid arrows); and B an infopathogen using an example of violence associated with Fascism and Neo-Nazis, spread by human contact (hollow arrows), and vectored by information technology (solid arrows).