Fig. 2: Dynamics of conflicts, plague outbreaks, and fatalities for the period AD 1347–1840. | Humanities and Social Sciences Communications

Fig. 2: Dynamics of conflicts, plague outbreaks, and fatalities for the period AD 1347–1840.

From: Conflicts and the spread of plagues in pre-industrial Europe

Fig. 2

The time series are represented using long-term trends (3-year smoothing) and a sinusoidal model (Pvalue < 0.001). All dates are expressed as years AD. Each discordant period was categorized by the homogeneity tests (Pettitt, SNHT, and Buishand) and is denoted by vertical lines. Averages are shown by “mu”. The yellow shaded parts underscore the highest average for each time series.

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