Table 2 Respondents profiles and characteristics of their onsite sanitation systems as well as their emptying practices.
Characteristics | Description | # | % mean |
|---|---|---|---|
Sex | Male | 81 | |
Female | 19 | ||
Age | 50–60 years above | 39 | |
31–49 years | 40 | ||
20–30 years | 21 | ||
Less than 20 years | - | ||
Level of education | Non-formal | 9 | |
Primary | 20 | ||
Secondary | 15 | ||
Higher secondary | 15 | ||
Tertiary | 41 | ||
Livelihood | Formal employment | 50 | |
Farming | 4 | ||
Remittances | 5 | ||
Informal employment | 41 | ||
Monthly income (USD) | 1–100 | 24 | |
101–200 | 24 | ||
201–300 | 33 | ||
301–400 and above | 20 | ||
Place of residence | Planned residential area | 53 | |
Mixed-use area | 34 | ||
Slum area | 14 | ||
Duration of stay | 10 years and above | 76 | |
5–9 years | 11 | ||
Less than 5 years | 13 | ||
Study demographic | Total number of OSS/NSS surveyed | 80 | |
Total number of households cover: (5 households per OSS/NSS x 80) | 400 | ||
Total number of population of users of OSS/NSS: (5 households x 5 family members per OSS/NSS x 80) | 2000 | ||
Type of OSS in use | Latrine on top of the drain | 9 | |
Pit latrine | 15 | ||
Septic tank with soak-away pit | 8 | ||
Septic tank with a direct connection to the drain | 69 | ||
OSS/NSS emptying practices | Within the last 6 months | 11 | |
Within the last 12 months | 12 | ||
Within the last 3 years | 9 | ||
More than 3 years ago | 23 | ||
Never emptied | 48 | ||
Current emptying behaviour | Emptied after faecal sludge overflow | 57 | |
Emptied before faecal sludge overflow | 43 | ||
OSS/NSS emptying methods | Manual emptying | 64 | |
Mechanical emptying | 36 | ||
OSS/NSS effluent discharge points | Discharge to storm-water drains | 66 | |
Discharge into surrounding environment | 34 |
