Table 2 Measurement and structural parts estimated by the EVS model 1, 2.1, and 2.2.

(a) Model 1. Parameter estimates and statistics (averaged on the 1000 iterations set for cross-validation)
Model part	Latent variables		Indicators	P.unstd	se	z	p-value	ci.lower	ci.upper	P.std
Measurement model	Religiosity	=~	Religious service attendance	1.681	0.006	277.226	<0.001	1.668	1.692	0.697
		=~	Confidence in religious institutions	0.705	0.003	255.538	<0.001	0.699	0.711	0.715
		=~	Religious person	0.412	0.002	215.694	<0.001	0.409	0.416	0.705
		=~	Important in life: religion	0.828	0.003	324.027	<0.001	0.823	0.833	0.789
		=~	Important in life: god	2.841	0.007	391.227	<0.001	2.827	2.855	0.868
		=~	Moral beliefs	1.240	0.004	283.374	<0.001	1.231	1.248	0.680
	Social mistrust	=~	General mistrust	0.092	0.026	67.710	<0.001	1.707	1.808	0.520
	Social mistrust	=~	Interpersonal mistrust	1.757	0.001	63.888	<0.001	0.089	0.095	0.385
	Large-scale cooperation	=~	Involvement in collective activities	0.196	0.005	41.208	<0.001	0.187	0.206	0.169
		=~	Signing petitions	0.535	0.002	223.677	<0.001	0.530	0.540	0.665
		=~	Joining boycotts	0.458	0.002	198.937	<0.001	0.453	0.462	0.714
		=~	Attending lawful demonstrations	0.535	0.002	229.333	<0.001	0.529	0.539	0.722
		=~	Joining unofficial strikes	0.307	0.002	139.224	<0.001	0.302	0.311	0.566
		=~	Occupying building or factories	0.191	0.002	95.856	<0.001	0.187	0.195	0.442
Structural model	Social mistrust	~	Religiosity	0.304	0.007	41.371	<0.001	0.290	0.319	0.291
Structural model	Large-scale cooperation	~	Religiosity	−0.213	0.004	−47.658	<0.001	−0.222	−0.204	−0.208
Covariance	Social mistrust	~~	Large-scale cooperation	−0.389	0.007	−53.700	<0.001	−0.404	−0.375	−0.389

(b) Model 2.1 Parameter estimates and statistics (averaged on the 1000 iterations set for cross-validation)
Model part	Latent variables		Indicators	P.unstd	se	z	p-value	ci.lower	ci.upper	P.std
Measurement model	Social mistrust	=~	General mistrust	0.095	0.001	68.002	<0.001	0.092	0.098	0.381
	Social mistrust	=~	Interpersonal mistrust	1.856	0.025	76.466	<0.001	1.809	1.903	0.526
	Moralizing sexual promiscuity	=~	Homosexuality	1.917	0.013	152.402	<0.001	1.893	1.942	0.672
		=~	Prostitution	1.212	0.010	118.904	<0.001	1.193	1.233	0.589
		=~	Abortion	1.976	0.013	157.012	<0.001	1.952	2.001	0.771
		=~	Divorce	1.824	0.012	154.021	<0.001	1.801	1.847	0.723
		=~	Adultery	0.791	0.008	94.875	<0.001	0.775	0.808	0.448
		=~	Having casual sex	1.311	0.011	123.066	<0.001	1.290	1.332	0.584
	Religiosity	=~	Religious service attendance	1.435	0.006	236.518	<0.001	1.423	1.447	0.703
		=~	Confidence in religious institutions	0.600	0.003	223.309	<0.001	0.595	0.606	0.719
		=~	Religious person	0.344	0.002	195.211	<0.001	0.340	0.347	0.694
		=~	Important in life: religion	0.707	0.003	269.159	<0.001	0.702	0.713	0.796
		=~	Important in life: god	2.394	0.008	293.586	<0.001	2.378	2.410	0.864
		=~	Moral beliefs	1.045	0.004	237.976	<0.001	1.034	1.054	0.677
Structural model	(a) Moralizing sex. prom.	~	Social mistrust	0.635	0.011	55.252	<0.001	0.612	0.657	0.534
	(b) Religiosity	~	Moralizing sexual promiscuity	0.528	0.007	77.832	<0.001	0.515	0.541	0.529
	(c) Religiosity	~	Social mistrust	0.007	0.007	0.789	=0.448	−0.010	0.025	0.006
	Indirect effect	:=	a * b	0.335	0.006	54.488	<0.001	0.323	0.347	0.284

(c) Model 2.2 Parameter estimates and statistics (averaged on the 1000 iterations set for cross-validation)
Model part	Latent		Indicator	P.unstd	se	z	p-value	ci.lower	ci.upper	P.std
Measurement model	Social mistrust	=~	General mistrust	0.087	0.002	44.066	<0.001	0.083	0.090	0.346
	Social mistrust	=~	Interpersonal mistrust	2.045	0.043	47.105	<0.001	1.960	2.131	0.579
	Moralizing free-riding	=~	Claiming government benefits	1.010	0.010	102.702	<0.001	0.991	1.030	0.489
		=~	Avoiding a fare on public transport	1.392	0.010	139.174	<0.001	1.373	1.413	0.599
		=~	Cheating on taxes	1.497	0.010	151.943	<0.001	1.478	1.521	0.674
		=~	Someone accepting a bribe	0.963	0.010	102.256	<0.001	0.945	0.982	0.586
		=~	Stealing a car	0.546	0.009	64.622	<0.001	0.529	0.563	0.416
		=~	Lying	1.494	0.009	162.367	<0.001	1.476	1.512	0.684
		=~	Paying cash in order to avoid taxes	1.588	0.010	162.102	<0.001	1.569	1.607	0.625
	Religiosity	=~	Religious service attendance	1.585	0.007	239.409	<0.001	1.572	1.598	0.700
		=~	Confidence in religious institutions	0.659	0.003	221.308	<0.001	0.653	0.665	0.711
		=~	Religious person	0.387	0.002	198.979	<0.001	0.383	0.390	0.703
		=~	Important in life: religion	0.783	0.003	272.909	<0.001	0.777	0.789	0.794
		=~	Important in life: god	2.666	0.009	304.262	<0.001	2.648	2.683	0.867
		=~	Moral beliefs	1.163	0.005	245.486	<0.001	1.154	1.172	0.679
Structural model	(a) Moralizing free-riding	~	Social mistrust	0.030	0.006	4.720	<0.001	0.017	0.042	0.030
	(b) Religiosity	~	Moralizing free-riding	0.290	0.005	45.544	<0.001	0.202	0.220	0.199
	(c) Religiosity	~	Social mistrust	0.290	0.008	38.177	<0.001	0.275	0.305	0.273
	Indirect effect	:=	a * b	0.006	0.001	4.823	<0.001	0.004	0.009	0.006

(a) EVS model 1, (b) EVS model 2.1, (c) EVS model 2.2. The unstandardized and standardized values of the indicators’ loadings composing the latent variables (denoted =~), the regression coefficients characterizing their associations (denoted ~), and the residual covariances (denoted ~~) are labeled P.unstd and P.std, respectively. The indirect effects are denoted by the := operator. We also report under the z label values of Wald tests (and their p-values) as indicators of simple effect sizes.

Search