Table 1 Researcher perceptions and its gendered associations.

From: The impact a-gender: gendered orientations towards research Impact and its evaluation

Type of research

Qualities and associations

Type of Impact/activity

Gendered assumption

Hard science, e.g., Natural sciences, engineering

Economic, tangible, quantifiable measures

Hard Impact, e.g., through spin out company, investment, product development

Masculine

‘Soft’ social science, e.g., social science, qualitative studies, humanities

Social or cultural, less tangible, qualitative measures

Soft Impact, e.g., through Public engagement, outreach, media, enrichment and science communication

Feminine