Table 1 The manifestations of capitalism and the development of the digital society in Russia, 2010–2020.

From: Towards digital society management and ‘capitalism 4.0’ in contemporary Russia

Year	Intermediary indicators		Manifestations of capitalism					Indicators for the development of the digital society
Year	Private property (as of year-end)			Balanced financial result (revenue minus negative income) of companies’ activities, RUB million	Index of Economic Freedom	Trade openness: foreign trade turnover (sum of imports and exports), % of GDP	Global Competitiveness Index, points 0–100	Share of households with Internet access (%)	Digital knowledge in society, points 1–100	Share of the population without information security problems when using the Internet (%)	Share of population aged 15–74 using the Internet daily (%)
	Total companies	Number of private companies	Share of private companies (%)^a		Index of Economic Freedom		Global Competitiveness Index, points 0–100	Share of households with Internet access (%)	Digital knowledge in society, points 1–100		Share of population aged 15–74 using the Internet daily (%)
2010	4,823,304	4,103,583	85.08^a	6,330,589	50.3	50.36	42.0^a (4.2)	48.4	64.432^b	41.6^b	26.0
2011	4,866,620	4,164,605	85.57^a	7,139,536	50.5	48.04	42.0^a (4.2)	56.8	65.245^b	42.1^b	35.3^b
2012	4,886,432	4,195,016	85.85^a	7,824,538	50.5	47.15	42.0^a (4.2)	60.3	66.068^b	42.7^b	40.0^b
2013	4,843,393	4,159,501	85.88^a	6,853,753	51.1	46.29	42.0^a (4.2)	67.2	66.902^b	43.2	45.5^b
2014	4,886,007	4,212,175	86.21^a	4,346,793	51.9	47.80	44.0^a (4.4)	69.9	67.746^b	48.9	51.6
2015	5,043,553	4,377,776	86.80^a	7,502,736	52.1	49.36	44.0^a (4.4)	72.1	68.601^b	65.8	55.1
2016	4,764,483	4,122,214	86.52^a	12,801,581	50.6	46.52	45.0^a (4.5)	74.8	69.467^b	68.9	57.7
2017	4,561,737	3,935,974	86.28^a	9,036,848	57.1	46.88	46.0^a (4.6)	76.3	70.344	71.2	60.6
2018	4,214,742	3,619,813	85.88^a	12,400,336	58.2	51.13	65.6	76.6	74.082	72.1	68.8
2019	–	–	85.49^b	17,015,704^b	58.9	49.07	66.7	76.9^b	75.017	73.0^b	78.1^b
2020	–	–	85.09^b	23,348,899^b	61.0	47.09^b	67.8^b	76.9^b	75.964^b	73.0^b	88.7^b

Sources: Calculated and compiled by the authors based on Federal State Statistics Service (2020), IMD (2020), Institute of Scientific Communications (2020), Ministry of Digital Development, Communications and Mass Media of the Russian Federation, Federal State Statistics Service, National Research University ‘Higher School of Economics’ (2020), National Research University ‘Higher School of Economics’ (2020), The Global Economy (2020), The Heritage Foundation (2020).
^aCalculated by the authors based on official statistics.
^bDue to the absence of some data, we have provided the data according to the authors’ evaluation of ‘all other conditions being equal’ based on the growth rate of the indicator for the years in which the actual data are accessible.

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Table 1 The manifestations of capitalism and the development of the digital society in Russia, 2010–2020.

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