Fig. 4: Estimated coefficients from a flexible model using ln(excessdeaths) or ln(battledeaths) as explanatory variable.
From: Pandemics and protectionism: evidence from the “Spanish” flu
Panel (A) shows the point estimates from a flexible difference-in-differences model with ln(excessdeaths) on tariff. Panel (B) shows the point estimates from a flexible difference-in-differences model with ln(battledeaths) on tariff. The base year is 1918 and the error bars show p < 0.1 based on robust standard errors, clustered at the country level.
