Table 2 (a) The importance of socioeconomic factors in human–building interactions as reported in the recent literature. (b) The associations between human attitude and behavioral factors with the building are based on recent literature.
Reference | Socioeconomic factor | Interacting factor | Region | Finding(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
(a) | ||||
Drehobl and Ross (2016) | -Income -Ownership | -Energy expenses | USA | -Energy efficiency investments in low-income and renter households are 25% more effective |
Franke and Nadler (2019) | -Ownership | -Energy efficiency priority | Germany | -Home owners care more about energy performance certificates |
Bednar et al. (2017) | -Income | -Energy bill -Energy consumption | USA | -Low-income households are more prone to miss electricity bills and experience service interruptions -Low-income households consume more energy per area |
Bradshaw et al. (2016) | -Income | -Building improvement | USA | -Home upgrades are more effective in low-income households |
Reames (2016) | -Income -Education | -Home energy efficiency | USA | -Household income and education are positively correlated with home energy efficiency |
Boucher et al. (2018) | -Education -Income | -Energy audit | USA | -Highly educated families are more likely to participate in energy audits. -High-income families are less inclined to participate in energy audits. -Political affiliations have interdependencies with energy audit |
Salvo (2018) | -Income | -Water and electricity use | Singapore | -Water use increases in low-income households at high outdoor temperatures -Water use does not vary in high-income families at high outdoor temperatures -The rate of increase in electricity demand is higher in high-income families in the event of a temperature increase |
Kontokosta et al. (2020) | -Income | -Energy affordability | USA | -Low-income families bear a greater energy cost burden -Home energy improvements are more effective for low-income households |
Nilsson et al. (2018) | -Marital status | -DR participation | Sweden | -During peak hours, families with children are not as flexible as single respondents |
Guerra-Santin et al. (2016) | -Employment | -Thermal comfort | Spain | -Employed respondents have more flexible thermal comfort requirements compared to the retired |
Reference | Attitude factor | Interacting factor | Region | Finding(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
(b) | ||||
Biresselioglu et al. (2019) | -Awareness -Motivation | -Energy saving | Pakistan | -Users typically do not use their awareness in selecting appliances -There is less awareness and knowledge regarding HVAC systems and renewable energy applications |
Al-Marri et al. (2018) | -Awareness -Perceived responsibility | -Energy consumption | Qatar | -Economic factors are not the best driver to correct energy consumption behavior when energy is subsidized -Environmental concerns are the most important driver among Qatari citizens -Education is considered the main reason for energy awareness |
Guerra-Santin et al. (2016) | -Responsibility -Awareness | -Thermal comfort | Spain | -Users become more responsible in saving energy when there is no inconvenience -Building condition impacts human attitudes toward saving energy -Among indifferent users, thermal comfort requirements are a priority |
Malekpour Koupaei et al. (2020) | -Motivation | -Energy efficiency | USA | -Among smart thermostat users, comfort and ease of use are considered more important than saving energy and cost. |
Hong et al. (2017) | -Awareness | -Energy efficiency | USA | -Energy-aware building users offer more saving opportunities in buildings -Knowledge-based and non-monetary strategies are effective in energy policy |
Franke and Nadler (2019) | -Awareness | -Energy efficiency | Germany | -Awareness impacts decision-making when purchasing real estate -Homeowners care more about the financial impacts of improving home energy efficiency |
Darby (2020) | -Motivation | -DR participation | Multiple | -Cost saving and technical factors are not the sole drivers of DR participation -Comfort and user experience are significant factors in DR decision-making |
Ida et al. (2019) | -Motivation | -DR participation | Japan | -A higher DR participation rate does not necessarily result in higher savings -Performance incentives are more effective than fixed incentives |
Srivastava et al. (2020) | -Motivation -Awareness | -DR participation | Belgium | -Convenience and financial drivers are the main factors in DR participation -DR willingness is correlated with awareness, age, home ownership, and privacy |
Nilsson et al. (2018) | -Motivation | -DR participation | Sweden | -Human attitudes can become a preventive factor in energy consumption flexibility -Price incentives surpass environmental incentives to improve demand flexibility |
