Table 1 Characterization of the four included samples and their involvement in the investigation of our study aims.

Sample characteristic	Non-soccer behavior (1)	Non-soccer physio (2)	Soccer physio (3)	Non-soccer feedback (4)	F(3, 156) (p)
N overall	41	30	30	59
% (N) male	97.6 (40)	100 (30)	100 (30)	25.4 (15)
	M (SD)	M (SD)	M (SD)	M (SD)
Age	27.0 (10.62)^2,4	23.3 (3.29)¹	23.4 (3.07)	22.9 (2.23)¹	4.40 (0.005)
		Included samples		Conducted analysis
Aim 1: Quantification of personal and social optimism bias		1, 2, 3		Linear mixed model^b
Aim 2: Overlap between personal and social optimism bias		1, 2, 3, (4)^a		Spearman rank order correlation
Aim 3: Influence of expertise on personal and social optimism bias		1, 2, 3		Linear mixed model^b
Aim 4: Influence of social identification and experienced similarities on social optimism bias		1, 2, 3		Spearman rank order correlation
Aim 5: Modifiability of personal and social optimism bias		4		Linear mixed model

Note. Top: The last column tested for age differences between the four included samples (analysis of variance with the between-participants factor Sample [4 levels]). Superscript numbers refer to significant differences between a given sample and the ones specified by these numbers (based on Tukey HSD tests, p < 0.05, two-tailed testing). Because none of the significant differences between the samples for age were related to any of the effects revealed by our experimental manipulations (e.g., related to Aim 3: Influence of expertise on personal and social forms of optimism bias), these differences will not be discussed here. Bottom: ^aSample 4 did not face the abstractly relevant trials and therefore was not included in correlation analyses regarding abstract social optimism bias. ^bAims 1 and 3 were tested with the same linear mixed model.

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