Table 1 Some characteristics of healthcare systems in the Netherlands, Turkey and the United States.

	The Netherlands	Turkey	United States
Inhabitants	>17 million	>80 million	>325 million
Health care system	- universal health care	- universal health care	- hybrid system
	- multi-payer	- single payer	- multi-payer
	- very small private sector	- large private health care sector	- managed care programmes
	- very small private sector	- large private health care sector	- large private health care sector
Health insurance	- mandatory	- mandatory	- national health insurance programmes for specific groups (Medicaid, Medicare)
	- private	- public
	- private	- public	- private
Annual health care expenses (% GNP)	13.1^I	4.2^II	17.7^III
Annual health care expenses per capita (US dollar)	7118^IV	248^V	11,172^III

All currencies were converted by the authors at the time of writing. Data from ^I2019 (CBS, 2020), ^II2018 (OECD, 2020), ^III2018 (CM&MS, 2019), ^IV6120 Euro (CBS, 2020), ^V1904 Turkish Lira (OECD, 2020).

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