Table 4 The relationship between board gender diversity and bank disclosure.

From: Banking disclosure and banking crises in Africa: does board gender diversity play a role?

Variables

Pooled OLS panel

Fixed effect

Random effect

2SLS

 

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

Model 4

Number of Women

−0.104*** (0.0231)

−0.104*** (0.0186)

−0.104*** (0.0185)

−0.161*** (0.0326)

sqNumber of Women

0.0789*** (0.0240)

0.0784*** (0.0131)

0.0789*** (0.0138)

0.127*** (0.0329)

Women on Boards

1.279*** (0.368)

1.278*** (0.258)

1.279*** (0.258)

2.372*** (0.547)

LERNER

0.294*** (0.0662)

0.314*** (0.0604)

0.294*** (0.0638)

0.107 (0.111)

OWN

0.0685 (0.0638)

0.0652* (0.0363)

0.0685* (0.0365)

−0.0401 (0.0896)

LnGDP per capita

0.0263** (0.0105)

0.0256** (0.00902)

0.0263*** (0.00906)

−0.00357 (0.0197)

Exchange Rate

1.43e−05 (1.11e−05)

1.04e−05 (9.41e−06)

1.43e−05 (9.76e−06)

7.01e-05** (2.96e−05)

Inflation Rate

0.0128** (0.00566)

0.0163*** (0.00289)

0.0128*** (0.00432)

−0.00824 (0.00988)

Year Effect

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Country Effect

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Instrument (Board Expenses)

   

0.00318**(0.00135)

Constant

4.961*** (0.0823)

4.927*** (0.0783)

4.961*** (0.0918)

5.536*** (0.184)

Observations

2869

2869

2869

2869

R-squared

0.013

0.013

  

Hausman test

    

Chi

  

11.26

 

Prob > chi

  

0.0808*

 

Breusch and Pagan Lagrangian multiplier test

Chi

0.00

   

Prob > chi

1.00

   
  1. The dependent variable is bank disclosure which is a categorical variable (0–10). For robustness checks, it employs the pooled OLS, Fixed Effect, Random Effect and the Two Stage Least Square (2SLS). Women on Boards = Dummy variable: 1, when a woman is an executive member, and 0 otherwise; Number of women on boards measured as the proportion of Women on Boards; level of investor protection through disclosure of ownership and financial information or level of releasing relevant financial information pertaining to a bank (from no disclosure = 0, — to — maximum disclosure = 10); Lerner index is the only measure of competition; Ownership (OWN) is the percentage of board members who hold shares in the bank; Exchange Rate (ExRate) is the Annual Exchange rate per year; GDP per capita (GDPperCap) is the natural logarithm of GDP per capital. Robust standard errors in parentheses.
  2. ***p < 0.01, **p < 0.05, *p < 0.1.