Table 1 Variable description.

From: Building eco-surplus culture among urban residents as a novel strategy to improve finance for conservation in protected areas

Variable

Meaning

Type of variable

Value

EnvironmentalDegradation

Whether the respondent perceives environmental degradation (pollution and climate change) as a consequence of biodiversity loss

Numerical

Ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 4 (strongly agree)

EconomicGrowthLoss

Whether the respondent perceives the loss of economic growth as a consequence of biodiversity loss

Numerical

Ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 4 (strongly agree)

NatureRecreationLoss

Whether the respondent perceives the loss of nature-based recreation opportunities (loss of green space, natural esthetics, nature-based recreation) as a consequence of biodiversity loss

Numerical

Ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 4 (strongly agree)

HealthLoss

Whether the respondent perceives the loss of health (reduction of physical health, mental health, and life expectancy) as a consequence of biodiversity loss

Numerical

Ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 4 (strongly agree)

KnowledgeLoss

Whether the respondent perceives the loss of knowledge as a consequence of biodiversity loss

Numerical

Ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 4 (strongly agree)

Conservation

Whether the respondent agrees conservation is a preventive measure of biodiversity loss

Numerical

Ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 4 (strongly agree)

WillingEntranceFee

Whether the respondent is willing to pay for the entrance fee when visiting protected areas

Binary

Agree = 1

Disagree = 0

WillingDonation

Whether the respondent is willing to pay for the entrance fee when visiting protected areas

Binary

Agree = 1

Disagree = 0