Table 1 Variables statistics summary.

From: Value-added-tax rate increases: A comparative study using difference-in-difference with an ARIMA modeling approach

Before (b) Imposing VAT and COVID-19

After (a) Imposing VAT and COVID-19

Variable

Mean

Std. Dev.

Min

Max

Variable

Mean

Std. Dev.

Min

Max

TAb

1.28E + 07

5.08E + 07

62,994

4.77E + 08

TAa

1.28E + 07

5.17E + 07

43,478

5.03E + 08

SEb

4,788,402

1.69E + 07

55,457

1.69E + 08

SEa

4,652,292

1.66E + 07

14,494

1.65E + 08

TLSEb

1.28E + 07

5.08E + 07

62,994

4.77E + 08

TLSEa

1.28E + 07

5.17E + 07

43,478

5.03E + 08

TIb

331,645.6

1,109,441

−3407

8,375,361

TIa

318,024.6

1,206,166

−242,725

8,970,955

TRb

347,839.8

1,140,208

−105,027

8,699,826

TRa

338,827.1

1,254,699

−178,025

9,083,262

TEb

233,783.7

980,947.3

−1,374,325

7,746,953

β17TEa

225,897.5

996,286.7

−1,199,752

7,762,214

NIb

78,985.93

356,338.2

−724,512

2,679,387

NIa

62,371.49

342,734.2

−609,803

2,765,537

COAb

55,342.46

970,096.6

−4,252,574

9,451,664

COAa

86,007.48

600,282.1

−1,329,988

6,184,696

CIAb

191,045.9

107,8954

−455,858

7,620,294

CIAa

15,994.71

268,631.9

−1,140,654

1,589,257

CFAb

−642,943

2,665,571

−2.03E + 07

517,795

CFAa

−439,313

1,907,536

−1.57E + 07

278,246

CEPb

698,759

3,357,006

−4764

3.74E + 07

CEPa

619,081.7

2,733,571

−34,220

3.02E + 07

  1. The descriptive statistical outcomes for Financial statements’ key indicators variables before and after increasing VAT and discovering COVID-19 are shown in the table. All the numbers are in thousands of riyals (000). Data source: Companies’ annual reports author’s calculation.