Table 2 Constructs, number of indicators, indicators, and Cronbach’s alpha.
Construct (Code) | No. of indicators | Indicators | Adopted and modified from | Cronbach’s alpha |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Attitudes (AT) | 5 | AT1 AT2 AT3 AT4 AT5 | Hernández-Ramos et al. (2014) | 0.950 |
Self-efficacy (SE) | 7 | SE1 SE2 SE3 SE4 SE5 SE6 SE7 | Banoglu et al. (2015) | |
Digital competence (DC) | 5 | DC1 DC2 DC3 DC4 DC5 | Ghavifekr and Rosdy (2015) | |
Digital tools utilization (DTU) | DTU1 DTU2 DTU3 DTU4 DTU5 | Yildirim and Akkuş (2020) | ||
ICT integration (ICTI) | 5 | ICTI1 ICTI2 ICTI3 ICTI4 ICTI5 | Gutiérrez-Martín et al. (2022) |
