Table 3 Aggregate ERGM results.

Effect	Log odds	SE	p-value	95% CI
Structural effects on friendship ties
intercept_friendship	−3.19	0.45	<0.01	[−4.08, −2.30]
reciprocity_friendship	1.63	0.18	<0.01	[1.27, 1.99]
path closure_friendship	1.39	0.17	<0.01	[1.05, 1.73]
cyclic closure_friendship	−0.21	0.12	0.08	[−0.45, 0.02]
multiple 2-paths_friendship	−0.06	0.08	0.48	[−0.21, 0.10]
alternating-in-alternating-out-star_friendship	0.77	0.24	<0.01	[0.31, 1.24]
Covariate effects on friendship ties
ethnic homophily_friendship	1.83	0.24	<0.01	[1.37, 2.29]
sender effect for Ukrainians_friendship	−0.61	0.16	<0.01	[−0.92, −0.30]
receiver effect for Ukrainians_friendship	−0.43	0.16	0.01	[−0.73, −0.12]
gender homophily_friendship	1.32	0.19	<0.01	[0.95, 1.68]
sender effect for boys_friendship	−0.61	0.19	<0.01	[−1.00, −0.23]
receiver effect for boys_friendship	−0.54	0.16	<0.01	[−0.86, −0.22]
Structural effects on exclusion ties
intercept_exclusion	−1.41	0.26	<0.01	[−1.92, −0.89]
reciprocity_exclusion	0.68	0.19	<0.01	[0.31, 1.04]
Covariate effects on exclusion ties
ethnic homophily_exclusion	0.97	0.35	0.01	[0.28, 1.66]
sender effect for Ukrainians_exclusion	−0.42	0.32	0.19	[−1.04, 0.21]
receiver effect for Ukrainians_exclusion	−0.26	0.19	0.17	[−0.64, 0.11]
gender homophily_exclusion	−0.39	0.27	0.14	[−0.92, 0.13]
sender effect for boys_exclusion	0.34	0.29	0.25	[−0.23, 0.91]
receiver effect for boys_exclusion	0.48	0.22	0.02	[0.06, 0.90]
cross-layer dependence term
cross-layer tie formation_{friendship x exclusion}	−2.43	0.20	<0.01	[−2.82, −2.03]

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