Table 3 Interaction features of EMEA.
Engagement | Layers | Features | Definition | Authors |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Presence: 1 | ||||
No presence: 0 | ||||
Low level | Layer 1: low interactivity | Home page video | Video about the NPO in the homepage | Hoefer and Twis (2018). |
Multimedia | Sounds, video, webcam or panoramas, flash- animation and graphics not included before. | Law (2019). | ||
Email sign up and inducement | Inducement to the person providing an email address. | Hoefer and Twis (2018) | ||
Double opt-in | E-mail confirmation from NPO to the visitor’s e-mail. | Hoefer and Twis (2018). | ||
Search engine box | Box to search for terms. | |||
Calendar of events | An updated calendar of events. | Olinski and Szamrowski (2018, 2020), Uzunoğlu and Kip (2014). | ||
Downloadable files | Informational files available to download (e.g. audio/video, pdf, audiovisual documents) | |||
Stakeholders support | Presence of support to stakeholders (e.g., FAQs, sitemaps). | Albanna et al. (2022), Huang and Ku (2016), Olinski and Szamrowski (2018), Uzunoğlu and Kip (2014), Wang and Yang (2020) | ||
Major links | Major links on the homepage to the subpages. | Olinski and Szamrowski (2018, 2020), Uzunoğlu and Kip (2014). | ||
Links to other websites | Links to relevant websites. | Albanna, et al. (2022), Huang and Ku (2016), Olinski and Szamrowski (2018, 2020), Uzunoğlu and Kip (2014). | ||
High level | Layer 2: medium interactivity | Access to social media | Access to NPO social media (eg., Facebook; Twitter; YouTube; Instagram). | Albanna et al. (2022), Hoefer and Twis (2018), Kirk et al. (2016), Uzunoğlu and Kip (2014). |
Social media sharing widget | Possibility to like items and share the news. | Albanna et al. (2022), Hoefer and Twis (2018), Huang and Ku (2016), Kirk et al. (2016), Uzunoğlu and Kip (2014) | ||
Blogs and Podcast | Presence of blog or podcast. | Olinski and Szamrowski (2018, 2020), Uzunoğlu and Kip (2014). | ||
Forum | Presence of a forum. | Kirk et al. (2016), Olinski and Szamrowski (2018, 2020), Uzunoğlu and Kip (2014), | ||
Newsletters or updates by email | Contents from NPO send by e-mail regularly. | Hoefer and Twis (2018), Olinski and Szamrowski (2018, 2020), Philips (2022). | ||
Terms of privacy | Presence of the terms of privacy. | Uzunoğlu and Kip (2014) | ||
High level | Layer 3: high interactivity | Chat room | Chat room. | |
Exclusive area for members | Personalized area for registered members or intranet. | Huang and Ku (2016), Kirk et al. (2016), Wang and Yang (2020) | ||
Comments and feedback | Area to leave satisfaction comments and to receive feedback of people | Kirk et al. (2016), Olinski and Szamrowski (2018), Wang and Yang (2020) |
